Drug Compliance Pharmacy Definition

Adherence to treatment has been widely studied in asthma, especially in children with the disease. The research focuses on three themes (Creer, 1993). First, interest in compliance has been sparked by the widespread prescription of theophylline-based drugs for asthma. These metaxanthin products are effective in treating asthma, but only when drug levels are within a therapeutic range in the blood. To determine safe doses of theophylline, technology has emerged to evaluate the drug in the bloodstream. Objective studies to monitor drug adherence require information about the concentration of the drug in a biological sample at certain points in the process of absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion. To obtain reproducible and high-quality data, the sampling method is just as important as the bioanalytical method, and many «reference» methods rely on multi-step sample preparation and analysis techniques. The field of microfluidics, which is becoming an important trend in bioanalytical instrumentation, could answer these pertinent questions. Microfluidics, or «lab-on-a-chip,» is typically used to describe any technology that moves microscopic and nanoscale volumes of liquid through microscopic channels on a microelectromechanical system.20 Advances have been made in the miniaturization and automation of microfluidic devices, including the ability to process very small volumes of samples (pL to nL) in short analysis times (minutes or seconds).

Suitable for high-throughput integration/multiplexing and analysis, automation, small footprint, cost, disposable, and portability.21 There are several examples of microfluidic laboratory equipment marketed with paper or polymer materials for healthcare applications. Namely, Abbott`s iSTAT device, Epocal`s Flexcard or Abaxis compact disc blood analyzers, which perform complex tests of blood volumes from 50 to 100 μL. Multiplex formats are used to detect and quantify electrolytes, gases, small molecules or protein markers of metabolic, hepatic, renal or cardiac diseases.21 These technologies have enormous potential for low-cost testing to monitor drug adherence, provided they meet the requirements of analytical specificity, sensitivity and detection limit and overcome national regulatory barriers and International. Ease of use and reliability would be other important requirements. Point-of-care diagnostic tests for domestic use have also been developed based on microfluidics for semi-quantitative assessment of the presence of a biochemical species of interest (e.g., blood glucose monitoring). If this initiative is extended to monitor medication adherence, it could encourage the transition from traditional clinical laboratory testing to environments close to patients, providing clinicians or pharmacists with timely information about drug delivery behavior to make informed clinical decisions about treatment. In this environment, it would not be necessary for biological samples to be sent to a laboratory for analysis. In such an environment, the clinician or healthcare professional would initiate the adherence monitoring test and receive the results on-site, saving time for timely delivery of the results.

These initiatives are consistent with the National Institute of Health`s 2010 report to support the transition to personalized health care1 and are also expected to address diverse health needs around the world, as outlined in Chapter 4. It is interesting to speculate whether the combination of: adherence to the drug is the voluntary cooperation of the patient when taking drugs or drugs as prescribed, including timing, dosage and frequency. The term concordance, which has evolved over the past decade, is based on the patient-centered philosophy that the patient and the health care provider (HCP) have equal rights in drug decision-making.1 These terms have replaced the term «compliance,» which does not emphasize the patient`s contribution to the patient-physician relationship.2 Good adherence is particularly important in the treatment of chronic diseases. Mengden T, Uen S, Düsing R, Vetter H. Medication adherence decreases between clinic visits. The effect of white coat adherence on 24-hour ambulatory blood pressure monitoring. The two main classifications for measuring adhesion are direct and indirect. Direct methods include directly observed treatment (DOT) – monitoring drug and/or metabolite levels in blood or urine samples and the use of unmanageable event markers. These strategies can be executed accurately, but in practice they have significant limitations. Measuring drug concentrations in biologic samples and using drug formulations with adherence trackers are often impractical and too expensive for widespread use.

DOT is likely to pretend patients to take medication and is a cumbersome process for the healthcare team.5,7,8 Here are the reasons why some of these organizations and professionals are moving away from medication adherence: APhA effectively simplifies these differences if it provides the following definitions: Some reasons for not taking medication are involuntary, like forgetting. Some are voluntary, such as fear of adverse events or a negative attitude toward medications in general.6,7 Other reasons include high cost; complex regime; lack of education; poor quality of life; full schedule; poor patient-physician relationship; perception of the severity of the disease and the effectiveness of drugs; asymptomatic disease (for example, hypertension, diabetes, hyperlipidemia); Depression; Stress; lack of social support; low adaptive capacity; Drug abuse; 6-9 Adherence is defined as «the extent to which the patient`s behaviour meets the prescribing physician`s recommendations.» 5 Its use involves «lack of patient involvement» and is associated with negative characteristics such as performance and submission.3,5 Similarly, non-adherence can mean disobedience.3 The definition of adherence assumes that all medical advice and medication given to the patient is good for the patient and that the patient must adjust his or her behavior, follow the treatment regimen.